Invasive Species: Spotted Lanternflies

Written by Kaho Ishihara

In recent years, the number of spotted lanternflies has increased in the Northeastern U.S., such as in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. These colorful bugs are now seen everywhere, and although they do not directly harm humans, they have a negative impact on our environment and economy.

Where did spotted lanternflies come from, and how have they spread?

Spotted lanternflies are native to China, Vietnam, and India. They were first detected in 2014 in Pennsylvania, likely coming along on imported goods. They easily lay eggs on basically any hard surface, such as vehicles, furniture, firewood, and equipment. People often unknowingly carry the eggs long distances across states. Moreover, the abundance of food and the lack of natural predators in the U.S. have allowed them to spread rapidly.

What do spotted lanternflies feed on?

They suck sap from over 70 plant species, such as maples, walnuts, fruit trees, and their primary host, the Tree of Heaven. The Tree of Heaven itself is an invasive species that has become widespread all across North America. Because spotted lanternflies heavily prefer these trees, the spreading of these trees has allowed the spotted lanternflies to reproduce quickly.

How do the spotted lanternflies impact the environment?

They are a threat to native species because they suck the nutrients from the native plant species. In addition, they produce honeydew, a sticky substance. It spreads over the plant and promotes black sooty mold, further harming plants, and attracting other insects. This can not only hurt the plants, but it disrupts the ecological balance and diversity of the native ecosystem. Spotted lanternflies’ activities have led to crop loss and tree death.

What should you do when you find spotted lanternflies?

If possible, kill them or use soapy water. If there are eggs, crush them or scrape them into a bag with rubbing alcohol to prevent them from spreading. Check your vehicle for any signs of spotted lanternflies. Report any sightings to the state’s Department of Agriculture to help keep track of their spread. In the long term, it is important to remove their primary host plant, the Tree of Heaven, as it is also an invasive species.